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减肥手术后的饮食指南
It is very important to follow the recommended dietary guidelines after undergoing 减肥手术. 这些指导方针是由您的医疗保健提供者精心设计的, 目标是限制你摄入的卡路里量, while providing balanced meals that help prevent nutrient deficiencies and preserve muscle tissue.
这种新的饮食方式一开始可能会让人难以接受, 但是随着时间的推移, most patients find the guidelines become an unconscious part of their daily routine. 如果您在遵循指南时遇到困难,请与我们联系 UCSF减肥手术 at (415) 353-2161. 我们的员工是来帮助你的.
一般的指导方针
- 饮食均衡,分量少.
- 遵循低热量、低脂肪和低糖的饮食.
- Keep a daily record of your food portions and of your calorie and protein intake.
- 细嚼慢咽,细嚼慢咽.
- 避免米饭, 面包, 生蔬菜和新鲜水果, 以及不易咀嚼的肉类, 比如猪肉和牛排. 绞碎的肉通常更容易被接受.
- 不要用吸管、喝碳酸饮料或嚼冰. 它们会把空气引入你的眼袋,引起不适.
- Avoid sugar, sugar-containing foods and beverages, concentrated sweets and fruit juices.
- 手术后的头两个月, 你的卡路里摄入量应该在每天300到600卡路里之间, 专注于较薄和较厚的液体.
- 每天的热量摄入不应超过1000卡路里.
液体
- Drink extra water and low-calorie or calorie-free fluids between meals to avoid dehydration. 所有的液体都不应该含咖啡因.
- Sip about 1 cup of fluid between each small meal, six to eight times a day.
- We recommend drinking at least 2 liters (64 ounces or 8 cups) of fluids a day. 你将逐渐能够达到这个目标.
- 我们强烈警告不要喝任何含酒精的饮料. 手术后, 酒精被身体吸收的速度比以前快得多, making its sedative and mood-altering effects more difficult to predict and control.
蛋白质
通过食用富含蛋白质的食物来保护肌肉组织. 高蛋白食物包括鸡蛋, 肉, 鱼, 海鲜, 金枪鱼, 家禽, 豆奶, 豆腐, 白软干酪, 酸奶和其他奶制品. 你的目标应该是每天至少摄入65到75克蛋白质. Don't worry if you can't reach this goal in the first few months after surgery.
补充
You must take the following supplements on a daily basis to prevent nutrient deficiencies. Please remember that all pills must be crushed or cut into six to eight small pieces. 你不能像手术前那样吸收整颗药丸, 而且药片很难通过你的新解剖结构.
复合维生素
Take a high-potency daily chewable multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains a minimum of 18 mg of iron, 400微克叶酸, 硒, 铜和锌. Brands that contain this formula include Trader Joe’s and Centrum Adult chewable multivitamins. 手术后至少三个月每天服用两片, 然后每天一片,终生服用.
钙补充剂
Take 1,200 to 2,000 mg of calcium daily to prevent calcium deficiency and bone disease. 促进吸收, take the calcium in two to three divided doses throughout the day - for example, 每日服用三次,每次500至600毫克. 柠檬酸钙是钙的首选形式.
维生素D补充剂
Take a total of 800 to 1,000 International Units (IUs) of vitamin D each day. This total amount should be taken in divided doses of 400 to 500 IUs twice a day. 维生素D应该和钙补充剂一起服用. 如果你愿意, you can take a combination calcium-vitamin D supplement to avoid taking multiple pills, 只要它含有适当的剂量.
维生素B12 补充
每天服用500微克维生素B. It can be taken as a tablet, or in sublingual forms placed under the tongue.
其他补充
有些病人需要额外补充叶酸或铁, 尤其是仍在经期的女性. 你的营养师会和你讨论这个问题.
减肥手术后的饮食进展
手术后,你将立即开始一个清晰的流质饮食. You may gradually start adding thicker liquids to your diet after you are discharged from the hospital.
手术后两周,你可能会开始吃混合和改良的食物. 你可以使用高蛋白(超过20克蛋白质), low-calorie (less than 200 calories) liquid supplement drinks or powders to meet your protein requirements during this period.
重要的是要知道手术后, 你的胃很小,不到1/4杯, 或者和鸡蛋差不多大. The opening that allows food to pass out of your stomach is also very narrow. 出于这个原因, it is important to take only two to three sips or bites at a time of any new food and then wait 10 minutes before taking more. 这将帮助你了解自己的极限和容忍度. 液体会比软固体更快地从胃里排空.
如果你吃得过多或太快,你可能会感到恶心或疼痛. You should avoid rich, creamy liquids such as gravies, sauces and ice creams.
十大赌博平台排行榜饮食
You will receive clear liquids such as juices, Jell-O and broth as your first meal following surgery. Juice and Jell-O are high in sugar content, but your portions will be very small at this stage. Gradually increase the amount you drink at each meal as you can tolerate it.
术后头两周的饮食
You will begin adding thicker liquids that are high in protein and low in fat and sugar. (举例来说,请看下面的列表.你可以吃高蛋白食物, low-calorie liquid supplement drinks or powders to meet your protein requirements during this period.
The goal is to consume small portions that will empty easily from your pouch. Begin with 1 tablespoon portion sizes and increase to 2 tablespoons as tolerated. Begin drinking 1/4 cup of liquid at a time and increase to a 1/2 cup as tolerated. 你每天的热量摄入不应超过400卡路里.
保持充足的水分也很重要. 1对1喝酒.每天喝5升水或其他无热量的液体.
推荐的浓稠液体:
- 脱脂或1%的牛奶,如果你能忍受牛奶的话
- 无乳糖或以大豆为基础的低热量饮料
- 无糖布丁
- 无糖脱脂酸奶
- 低脂松软干酪
- 混合肉汤或其他低脂汤
- Refined hot cereals that are low in fiber, such as cream of rice or cream of wheat. 用额外的液体制作,使其像汤一样粘稠. 不要吃燕麦片.
- 可选的高蛋白, low-calorie liquid supplement drinks (drinks containing less than 200 calories and more than 20 grams of protein in an 8- to 11-ounce serving).
增加你的蛋白质摄入量, 加入2汤匙脱脂奶粉, 鸡蛋替代品或动力鸡蛋, 或者在每半杯脱脂或低脂牛奶中加入其他蛋白粉. 你也可以把它们加入汤、热麦片和其他浓稠的液体中.
Remember to drink 1 cup of water or other non-caloric fluids between meals. 每天服用多种维生素补充剂.
术后2 - 4周的饮食
在可以接受的情况下,开始添加少量的油炸食品和软食品. 每一口都要小口咀嚼. 添加新食物时,每20分钟不要吃超过两口.
推荐购买的和软的食物:
- 苹果酱
- 酸奶
- 白软干酪
- 煮得很熟的蔬菜
- 热麦片
- 土豆泥
- 面条
- 炒蛋白或鸡蛋替代品
- 水果罐头
- 金枪鱼罐头
- 精益的鱼
- 豆腐
- 瘦肉或家禽
避免所有不易咀嚼的面包和肉类.
Recommended Meal Plan For Weeks Two to Eight Until Two Months Post-Surgery
此时此刻, 你每天的卡路里摄入量可能不会超过500卡路里, 分成6到8份小餐. 建议的份量是固体的1/4杯,液体的1/2杯.
样品菜单
这个样本菜单包括了不同的食物,对你来说是安全的. 你可以根据自己的口味和忍耐力调整菜单.
早餐
1/4杯用脱脂牛奶制成的热麦片
上午
半杯脱脂牛奶*
上午晚些时候
两个炒蛋白
午餐
半杯低脂鸡肉面汤
下午三点左右
1/4杯低脂松软干酪
下午晚些时候
1/4杯无糖脱脂酸奶
晚餐
2盎司瘦肉
1/4杯煮熟的蔬菜
睡前吃
1/4杯脱脂牛奶
* Add 1 tablespoon non-fat dry milk powder to each 1/4 cup nonfat milk for additional protein.
Remember to drink 1 cup of water or other non-caloric fluids between meals. 每天服用多种维生素和矿物质补充剂很重要, 如果需要,还可以加铁, 每天补充两到三次钙和维生素D.
术后2 - 6个月的推荐膳食计划
每天摄入900到1000卡路里的热量和至少65到75克的蛋白质. 要均衡摄取营养,你的每日食物应包括:
- 3份牛奶和奶制品(脱脂和低脂)
- 3份肉类或肉类替代品(瘦肉和低脂)
- 3份淀粉(限制面包和米饭)
- 1份水果(避免干果和带皮水果)
- 2份蔬菜(只煮熟)
建议的份量是固体的1/4杯,液体的1/2杯.
停止服用高蛋白液体补充饮料 or powders if possible. 我们建议通过食物来满足你对蛋白质的需求.
样品菜单
这个样本菜单包括了不同的食物,对你来说是安全的. 你可以根据自己的口味和忍耐力调整菜单.
早餐
1个鸡蛋或1/4杯鸡蛋替代品
半杯热麦片
上午
半杯脱脂牛奶
上午晚些时候
半杯切好的甜瓜
午餐
半杯低脂鸡肉面汤
两块咸饼干
下午三点左右
1/4杯低脂松软干酪
1/4杯装在水或果汁里的罐装水果
下午晚些时候
半杯无糖脱脂酸奶
晚餐
2盎司瘦肉或鱼
1/4杯土豆泥
1/4杯蔬菜泥或煮熟的蔬菜
睡前吃
半杯脱脂牛奶
记得在两餐之间喝一杯水或其他无热量的液体. 每天服用多种维生素和矿物质补充剂是很重要的, 如果需要,还可以加铁. In addition, you must take calcium and vitamin D supplements two to three times per day.
术后6个月及以后的推荐膳食计划
- 继续每天摄入900到1000卡路里
- 减少三餐,每天只吃一到两顿零食
- 停止服用高蛋白液体补充饮料
- Increase the variety of low-fat, low-sugar and low-calorie foods, as tolerated
- 避免生蔬菜, 带皮的新鲜水果, 干果, 面包, 爆米花, 坚果和红肉只能在难以忍受的情况下食用
长期膳食指南
Over time, you will be able to increase the variety and consistency of foods in your diet. 有些食物可能仍然难以耐受, 包括红肉, 鸡, 面包, 高纤维水果和蔬菜. Focus on low-fat, low-sugar and low-calorie foods and continue to count your calories every day. 试着在900比1的基础上满足所有食物组的服务目标,000卡路里的饮食计划.
保持充足的水分, 每天至少喝2升水或无热量的液体, 除非是由于医疗十大赌博靠谱网络平台的禁忌.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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减肥手术的要求和评估
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